main cities of henan: zhengzhou , luoyang , kaifeng , pingdingshan , xinxiang , anyang , nanyang
kaifeng is an important city in henan province, it is situated on the southern bank of the yellow river of china.
with a recorded history close to 3,000 years, kaifeng is known as one of the six major centers of ancient china civilization. as early as the yin-shang period (1334-1066 b.c.), when chinese society turned away from nomadic life to an agricultural existence, a city was built there. kaifeng then became the capital of the kingdom of wei in the warring states period (475-331 b.c.), the liang, han and zhou dynasties of the five dynasties (907-960), the northern song dynasty (960-1137) and the jin dynasty (1115-1334). the northern song, in particular, established its capital in kaifeng for 168 years. the eastern capital, as kaifeng was then called, was the political, economic and cultural center of the whole china, with well-developed handicrafts, bustling commerce and fine communication facilities. an old saying went that "kaifeng was unsurpassed anywhere in splendor and prosperity".
repeated yellow river floods, however, caused damage to the ancient capital of kaifeng through years. many of its historical relics were destroyed. among those that have survived are the "iron" pagoda, pota pagoda, dragon pavilion, xiangguo monastery, king yu's terrace and yanqing taoist temple. these are all fine works of architecture. their majestic beauty bears testimony to the wisdom and the cultural and artistic standards their creators attained.
today, kaifeng has well-developed commerce, transportation, communications and educational facilities, and medical and public health services. the yellow river that flooded its banks and wrought havoc for a thousand years has been harnessed. the liuyuan ferry at kaifeng is now open to tourists as a scenic spot.
location: located between 11352' - 11515' east longitude and 3411' - 3501' north latitude, at the east henan plain, and on the southern bank of the yellow river
physical features: lies in flat yudong plain
neighboring areas: shandong, anhui, hubei, shaanxi, shanxi, and hebei provinces
population: 4.6 million
urban population: 801,000
area: 319 sq km
nationalities: han, hui
history: known as one of the six major centers of ancient chinese civilization; the capital of the kingdom of wei (475-331 b.c.), later liang, later han and later zhou dynasties of the five dynasties(907-960), northern song dynasty(960-1137), and the jin dynasty(1115-1334), also known as "the capitals of seven dynasties"
climatic features: temperate continental monsoon climate; clearly four seasons with annual average rainfall of 670mm; adequate sunshine, frost-free period 213-215 days
average temperature: 14.24- 14.5c
rivers: yellow river
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