main cities of xinjiang: hetian(hotan) , kashgar , korla , ili , urumqi , turpan , yining , hami , karamay , aksu , shihezi
the ancient city of jiaohe is located in the yarnaz valley, 13 kilometers (8 miles) west of turpan, and was once the capital of the state of south cheshi, which was one of the 31 states in the western region of china. base on historical book records "the state of south cheshi made jiaohe city as its capital, as it was strategically seat on the confluence of two rivers, hence the name 'jiaohe' (the city of joining rivers)." shielded by natural cliffs, the city was built on a 30-meter- (98-foot-) high loess plateau, with a measurement of 1,650 meters (5,414 feet) long and 300 meters (984 feet) wide.
during the western han dynasty, "jiaohebi" (an administrative division) was established and continues through from the period of northern wei to the early tang dynasty. later it became jiaohe prefecture under the jurisdiction of huigu gaochang kingdom. the anxi military viceroy's office, which is the highest civil and military administrative organ in the western region, was set up here. between the middle of the eighth and the ninth centuries, the tibetans occupied the city. at the end of the thirteenth century, it was destroyed in a mongolian aristocratic rebellion.
the dry climates helps to preserved this ancient ruin. the enclosing temples,workshops, residential houses and the streets can still be seen. a 350-meter (1148-foot) long,10-meter (33-foot) wide road separates the city into the eastern and western parts. this road leads to a grand buddhist temple located in the north-central part of the city. in front of the temple, forest of towers remains intact, and standing on top of these towers, it provides an amazing panoramic view of the whole city.
at the southeastern part of the city were bricks and tiles office and residential dwelling buildings. a magnificent semi-underground two-storied complex, supposedly said to be the site of the anxi's military viceroy's office is located in this part of the city.
the main architectural features of the buildings in this city are two-storey houses where it's windowless and without door walls facing the streets and the gates were hidden in deep lanes. the houses were constructed semi-underground, with underground caves served as rooms.
in 1961,the city was gazette as a historical site by the state.
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